Technical Glossary / Technical Indicators – Trend Indicators

Ichimoku Cloud

A Japanese trend system of five lines: two midpoints, a cloud shifted forward, and the close shifted back.

Formula

Tenkan = (highest high + lowest low) / 2 over 9. Kijun over 26. Senkou A = (Tenkan + Kijun) / 2, plotted 26 periods ahead. Senkou B is the 52-period midpoint, plotted 26 ahead. Chikou is the close plotted 26 periods back. 9, 26, 52 are the usual settings.

Definition

Ichimoku Kinko Hyo means "one look equilibrium chart." The cloud, or kumo, is the space between Senkou A and B, drawn into the future. Price above the cloud is the bullish regime in this system. Price below it is bearish. Price inside it is balance. Tenkan and Kijun are midpoints of their windows, not averages of closes. Chikou compares today's close with price 26 bars ago.

How it works

A full bullish alignment is price above the cloud, Tenkan above Kijun, cloud green or with A above B, and Chikou above price 26 bars back. You will rarely get all of that at the start of a turn. The cloud is slow because of the 52-period span and the forward shift. That slowness is the filter.

Bullish reading

A close up through the cloud, with the cloud ahead flat or turning up, is the long regime. Tenkan pulling back to Kijun inside an uptrend is a location, similar to a moving-average pullback. Risk can sit beyond Kijun or beyond the cloud, which is often far.

Bearish reading

A close down through the cloud is the short regime. The cloud then acts as resistance on rallies. Do not buy a dip just under a thick cloud and call it support. In this system that cloud is the supply.

Common mistakes

Taking a Tenkan-Kijun cross against the cloud as a full signal. The cross is the fast part. The cloud is the regime. Also changing 9, 26, 52 without a reason. Those numbers were tied to a six-day Japanese week. They survive as a default, not as magic.

Limitations

Five lines invite overconfidence. They are three lookbacks plus two shifts of the same highs and lows. Inside the cloud the system is explicitly uncertain. Forcing a trade there throws away the only part of Ichimoku that says "stand aside."

This note explains the term. A sketch shows the shape of the idea. Neither is a recommendation, a signal, or a comment on any security. Indicator settings and exchange conventions differ. Check the live chart and the contract specification before you use a number.